Strategies Based on Directive Models

1.      Hardwood

Timber produced from broad-leaved trees.

2.      Softwood

This timber is usually obtained from pine, fir, spruce or larch trees. Most structural timbers are softwood

3.      Plywood

Plywood is a man-made sheet material made up of opposing layers and is used often for its strength and resistance to warping/shrinking.

4.      MDF

Stands for medium density fiberboard. It’s a really versatile man-made material and is available in a sheet form which is ideal for shelves, window boards and pipe boxings as well as pre primed mouldings such as skirtings and architraves.

References

·         Motivate Series- Woodwork Technology, Macmillan Texts for Industrial, Vocational and Technical Education, by J.K.N. Sackey

·         Woodwork Theory, Metric Edition. Book 2, by P.F.Lye

·         The Complete Practical Woodworker: A Comprehensive and Easy-to-Follow Course for the Home Woodworker, by Stephen Corbett

Instructional Software –U

	Drill and Practice	Tutorial	Simulation	Instructional Games	Problem Solving
Definition	Provides exercise in which students work example items one at a time and receive feedback on their correctness	Exposes the learner to material that is believed not to have been previously taught or learned.	A computerized model of real or imagined system designed to teach how a system works.	A program that is to provide students who have learning problems multiple opportunities to respond to a particular learning task.	Educational software is a type of content-free or content based program that places emphasis on critical thinking
Selection Criteria	Repetition of acquired skills and concepts	Follow linear programmed instruction or branched design	Create own sequence for using simulation	Provide opportunities to reinforce skills through activities that motivate the students.
Categories	Reinforce/ Repetition	Interaction, Control & Response	Involve, Compress & Experiment	Reinforce/ Repetition	Recalling information, sequencing, analyzing, organizing, predicting outcomes, and formulating ideas
Characteristics	Capture and retin attention of students	Have computer- management capabilities/ skills	Involve students in learning process	Providing motivating multimedia rewards when the student accomplishes a task
Advantages vs Disadvantages	Personalize instruction by meeting individual differences among learners	Guides the learner throughout learning from beginning to the end	Saves money and resources, makes experiments safe and impossible simulations become possible	Provides different levels of complexity so students can play depending on their skill levels	Motivational and improves the interest of the subject for students,
Limitations	No creative thinking takes place for the student	None	No use of the human senses except visual

Internet terms Chapter 3

1.    Introduction to the Internet

a.    History - The history of the Internet begins with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s. Initial concepts of packet networking originated in several computer science laboratories.

b.    Pitfalls – Dangers and downfalls of the internet 

c.    Browsers - A program that accesses and displays files and other data available on theInternet and other networks

d.    Search Engines - A software program that searches a database and gathers and reports information  that contains or is related to specified term

A website whose primary function is providing a search engine for gathering and reportinginformation available on the Internet or a portion of the Internet.

e.    URLs - URL is an acronym for Uniform Resource Locator 

An Internet address (for example, http://hmhbooks.com/eref/), usually consisting of theaccess protocol (http), the domain name (hmhbooks.com), and optionally the path to a file orresource residing on the server where the domain name resides

f.     Navigation and Searching - Type the text you want to find in the field at the top of the navigation pane. If the text is found in the document, it will be highlighted in yellow, and a preview of the results will appear in the navigation pane

g.    Bookmarking - you can save shortcuts to your favorite webpages and navigate to them in seconds from anywhere.

h.    Evaluating – the following are things that are taken into consideration when evaluating a website: Table of Contents. Authority and accuracy. Purpose and content. Currency. Design, organization and ease of use.

i.      Troubleshooting - trace and correct faults in a mechanical or electronic system

2.    Communication on the Internet

a.    Emails - messages distributed by electronic means from one computer user to one or more recipients via a network

b.    Listservs/ Mailing Lists - A mailing list is a collection of names and addresses used by an individual or an organization to send material to multiple recipients

c.    Newsgroups - A newsgroup is a discussion about a particular subject consisting of notes written to a central Internet site and redistributed through Usenet, a worldwide network of news discussion groups

d.    Blogs – a regularly updated website or web page, typically one run by an individual or small group, that is written in an informal or conversational style

e.    Wikis - a website or database developed collaboratively by a community of users, allowing any user to add and edit content.

f.     Instant Messaging - instant messaging, often shortened to simply "IM" or "IMing," is the exchange of text messages through a software application in real-time.

g.    Discussion Forums - A discussion board (known also by various other names such as discussion group, discussion forum, message board, and online forum) is a general term for any online "bulletin board" where you can leave and expect to see responses to messages you have left.

h.    Videoconferencing – Videoconferencing (or video conference) means to conduct a conference between two or more participants at different sites by using computer networks to transmit audio and video data.

i.      Social Networking tools– Twitter,  Facebook, Instagram Hang-outs, - Social media is the collective of online communications channels dedicated to community-based input, interaction, content-sharing and collaboration.

3.    Research, Teaching and Learning

a.    Social/Web Bookmarking tools

                                      i.Diigo – is a powerful research tool and a knowledge-sharing community

                                     ii.Google Chrome Web browser is based on the open source Chromium project. Google released Chrome in 2008 and issues several updates a year.

b.    Podcasting - is the preparation and distribution of audio files using RSS to the computers of subscribed users. These files may then be uploaded to digital music or multimedia players like the iPod

c.    Learning Management Systems - A learning management system (LMS) is a software application or Web-based technology used to plan, implement, and assess a specific learning process. Typically, a learning management system provides an instructor with a way to create and deliver content, monitor student participation, and assess student performance.

                                      i.Features of LMS - Managing users, courses, Making a course calendar, Messaging and notifications by learners, Assessments that can handle the student's pre/post testing, Certification and display employee scores and transcripts.

                                     ii.Blackboard - is a virtual learning environment and course management system developed by Blackboard Inc.

                                    iii.Canvas - Canvas is the trusted, open-source learning management system (LMS) that's revolutionizing the way we educate.

                                   iv.Moodle - Moodle is an open source course management system, orginally developed by Martin Dougiamas. It is used by thousands of educational institutions around the world to provide an organized interface for e-learning, or learning over the Internet.

d.    Distance Education/Online Education – the creation and proliferation of the personal computer, the globalization of ideas and other human acts, and the use of technology in exchanging ideas and providing access to more people.

                                      i.Define and show -

4.    Web Services

a.    Hosting Services-

                                      i.Define - Hosted services are technology services offered to you or your company by a provider that hosts the physical servers running that service somewhere else. Access to the service is usually provided through a direct network connection that may or may not run via the Internet.

                                     ii.Examples: GoDaddy, Bravenet, PowerWeb, Google etc

b.    Web Page Development - Web development broadly refers to the tasks associated with developing websites for hosting via intranet or Internet. The Web development process includes Web design, Web content development, client-side/server-side scripting and network security configuration, among other tasks.

                                      i.Tools

1.    Wix -  a cloud-based web development platform that allows users to create HTML5 web sites and mobile sites through the use of their online drag and drop tools.

2.    Content Management Systems (CMS) -  a software application or set of related programs that are used to create and manage digital content. e.g. Mambo; Joomla; Drupal

3.    Google Sites - Google Sites is a free service from Google which lets you create, edit and share websites. It is entirely web-based - you create, edit and share your website(s) entirely online using the Google Sites editor.

c.    Educational apps- Educational software is computer software, the primary purpose of which is teaching or self-learning.